Free FMGE Psychiatry questions

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Persistent depressed mood or anhedonia with associated neurovegetative and cognitive symptoms for at least 2 weeks supports major depressive disorder. The presentation lacks manic or psychotic features.

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Decreased need for sleep, pressured speech, grandiosity, increased activity, and risky behavior are classic features of mania. Functional impairment is typically marked.

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A delusion of reference is the false belief that neutral events or communications have special personal significance. Media broadcasts are a common example.

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Thought insertion is the belief that thoughts have been placed into one’s mind by an external force. It is a classic first-rank psychotic symptom.

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Hallucinations are sensory perceptions experienced in the absence of corresponding external stimuli. Illusions, in contrast, are misperceptions of real stimuli.

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Delirium is characterized by acute onset, impaired attention and awareness, and a fluctuating course. It usually reflects an underlying medical or toxic cause.

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Dementia generally develops insidiously and progresses over months to years. Delirium is acute, fluctuating, and prominently affects attention and consciousness.

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Panic attacks reach peak intensity rapidly and include prominent autonomic symptoms and catastrophic fear. Recurrent unexpected attacks with ongoing concern support panic disorder.

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Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce anxiety associated with obsessions. Patients often recognize the behavior as excessive or unreasonable.

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PTSD follows exposure to severe trauma and includes intrusion, avoidance, negative mood/cognition, and hyperarousal symptoms persisting beyond the acute period. The 3-month duration supports PTSD.

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Benzodiazepines reduce autonomic overactivity and lower seizure and delirium risk during alcohol withdrawal. Treatment is individualized to severity and clinical status.

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Methadone is a long-acting opioid agonist used in maintenance programs to reduce withdrawal and illicit opioid use. Naloxone is an antagonist used for overdose reversal.

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Disulfiram causes acetaldehyde accumulation after alcohol ingestion by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase. The resulting unpleasant reaction discourages drinking.

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D2 blockade in the nigrostriatal pathway can cause drug-induced parkinsonism. Rigidity, tremor, and bradykinesia are characteristic.

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Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a medical emergency associated with dopamine blockade and features hyperthermia, rigidity, autonomic dysfunction, and elevated CK. Prompt recognition and treatment are essential.

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Lithium can reduce collecting-duct responsiveness to ADH and cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Polyuria and polydipsia are typical manifestations.

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Displacement redirects an emotion from the original threatening target to a safer substitute. The anger is transferred from the professor to the sibling.

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Factitious disorder involves intentional symptom production motivated primarily by assuming the patient role. Malingering is driven by clear external incentives.

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A specific plan, intent, and access to lethal means markedly increase acute suicide risk. These findings require urgent safety assessment and intervention.

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ECT can produce a rapid and robust antidepressant response and is especially valuable in severe, psychotic, catatonic, or life-threatening depression. It is not reserved for uncomplicated mild symptoms.